Electrical Installation

2. Electrical circuits and wiring

Electrical Circuits and Wiring  
This unit covers essential electrical circuit principles and practical wiring techniques used in installations.

       Types of Electrical Circuits
1. Series Circuit
   - Components connected end-to-end in a single path.
   - Voltage is divided among the components, but current remains constant.
   - If one component fails, the entire circuit breaks.  
   - Used in simple applications like decorative string lights.

2. Parallel Circuit
   - Components connected in separate branches.
   - Voltage remains constant across each branch, but current varies.
   - If one component fails, others continue to work independently.  
   - Used in household electrical systems for consistent power distribution.

Wiring Methods and Techniques
-Surface Wiring: Conductors fixed onto walls or ceilings using PVC conduit or trunking.
-Concealed Wiring: Wires embedded inside walls or floors for aesthetics and protection.
- Conduit Wiring:  Uses metal or plastic conduits to house electrical cables.
-Casing and Capping Wiring: Traditional method using wooden casing to support and protect wires

Installation of Lighting and Power Circuits
Lighting Circuits
  - Single-phase circuits for standard home and office lighting.
  - Use of switches, dimmers, and relays for control.
  - Different types of bulbs (LED, CFL, incandescent) considered for efficiency.

     Power Circuits: 
  - Designed for sockets, appliances, and heavy electrical loads.
  - May involve radial or ring circuits for distribution.
  - Requires proper earthing and breaker protection to avoid overload