Electrical Installation

4. domestic installation

Domestic electrical installation refers to the process of wiring and setting up electrical systems in homes and residential buildings. Here are some key notes on this topic:

1. Electrical Wiring Systems 
- Types of wiring methods: surface conduit wiring, concealed conduit wiring, and casing & capping wiring
- Selection of wiring cables based on voltage ratings, insulation type, and application.  
- Color codes for wiring (e.g., live wire, neutral wire, earth wire).  

2. Components Used in Domestic Installations
- Switches– for controlling lights and appliances.  
- Sockets and outlets – for connecting devices to the power supply.  
- Lighting fixtures – including LED bulbs, fluorescent lamps, and chandeliers.  
- Distribution board– houses circuit breakers, residual current devices (RCDs), and earthing connections. 

3. Electrical Load Calculation
- Determining total power demand for a household.  
- Selection of cable size and circuit breaker based on load requirements.  
- Ensuring proper distribution of electrical loads to prevent overloading.  

4. Earthing and Grounding
- Purpose: Safety—to prevent electrical shocks and fires.  
- Types: Rod earthing, plate earthing, and water pipe earthing
- Measuring earth resistance to ensure effectiveness.  

5. Safety Precautions in Domestic Installations
- Use of circuit breakers and fuses to prevent overload and short circuits.  
- Proper insulation to avoid accidental contact with live wires.  
- Avoiding overloading sockets and ensuring correct power ratings for appliances.  

6. Inspection and Testing
- Conducting continuity tests- to check wire connections.  
- Insulation resistance test- to ensure no leakage currents.  
- Earthing test-  to confirm proper grounding.